Private altitude photography.

Chapter twenty five as reviewed a space balloon using a hydrogen peroxide jet-pack this is the James Bond jet-pack, 'Powered By Hydrogen Peroxide' and just barely light enough to wear on your back.
But although sounds Ok or kinda of small so here a proposition down a $ 100K deposit on the upcoming Cirrus use share stock as 'This-Jet,' has a tiny single-engine 'the aircraft that doesn't exist yet but has been tested mainly by Germany'. Full-sized models are now touring the world, and when it does fly, the personal jet will go 345 mph, up to 25,000 feet, and have a range of 1000 miles. Like all Cirrus airplanes, The-Jet will 'have a parachute in its nose', giving you extra assurance that you won't be included in the ranks of  a'doctored-killer' into the book of aircraft casualties. Cirrus has reportedly leased a hangar in Minnesota to begin building the 7-seat (if three passengers are babies) jets, and plans to manufacture the small planes out of lightweight carbon fiber? where get design from.
Based on the Bell Aerosystems jetpack built for the US military and first flown untethered in 1961, its propulsion is more like a water balloon than a jet engine When the fuel comes in contact with a catalyst such as silver or platinum, the liquid quickly decomposes into water vapor and oxygen, expanding through two nozzles, and providing enough thrust to lift a 180-pound person State of the art: There are two major players. Tecaeromex offers the only jetpack for sale right now, and once you've laid down the $ 125,000 for the unit itself, you'll have to go through 50 test flights just learn how to control it. Then there's Jetpack international (Jet PI), the company that handles most of the exhibition flying these days. It flies the Go-Fast Jetpack H2O2-Z you see in the video above. It holds eight gallons of fuel that can propel it for 43 seconds at a maximum speed of 77 mph orbital adventure concept not an aircraft but a floating pain parachute in its the nose here is a cirrus cockpit.

Limitations are even though both jetpacks use the latest aerospace materials such as carbon fiber, Kevlar, titanium and aluminum, the 78-pound H2O2-Z, the longest-flying model yet, is still limited to a maximum

airborne time of 41 seconds The jetpacks' peroxide propellant is expensive and hard to come by, they're so dangerous that only skydivers need apply, and they're difficult to learn how to fly since there's no simulator Applications according to Tecaeromex's Juan Lozano, don't expect . to depend on it to fly you to work every morning For flying short exhibition flights, that huge chunk of change might be a good investment, says Lozano: "The flight time is very limited, but it is a great business for shows, special events and sport events because you charge about $ 25,000 for each flight. So the business is great.
'space crusers take to see a guy flying around with a jet-pack is a spectacular sight, and that's the only use for the devices these days. It takes a lot of skill to fly one, too If control of a jet-pack could be computer-assisted, it would be a lot safer. This might be possible someday, according to Tecaeromex's Juan Lozano.' Now we see micro toys that are stabilized in flight.
Maybe someday you will be able to fly your own jetpack with software similar to that used in the two-wheel stand-up vehicles like the Segway, that is computer stabilized. "However, it's going to be difficult to extend the flying time of this design , because the weight of the fuel will become too cumbersome for most people to carry on their backs. This technology it looks like it'll be stuck in the realm of the carnival concept keeping to confines of a new type air ship, though  although admiration to Virgin Atlantic picture above is from the zeppelin. Today advances in technology almost like aircraft point to 'Skylon Space Aircraft'.

State of the art because of the device probably won't be able to stay in the air with only one of its engines working, it's equipped with a parachute Its automation can be set to limit its height, speed, and to avoid obstacles. Limitations as it's so unwieldy it can hardly be called a backpack, it's impossible to walk around with it Not available for sale yet, the company plans to deliver its first 10 jetpacks to customers in 2010 While it's been tested on a tether indoors , it still hasn't performed an untethered, unassisted outdoor flight.
Applications are intended as a recreational vehicle, it also might be available for rental, similar to skydiving It can also be used for surveying, rescue operations, and law enforcement. This is more of a small plane that you strap yourself into than a jetpack, but it looks like it would give you a similar thrill to the one you get from a powered ultralight aircraft  as above just steer clear of any birds as Sir Richard Branson has developed his own private space port. Here at Space Cruising there are a few questions one being the afford? So like Henry 'full outlay on varied plans and costs compete a range of safe products' so as they say thank you.

Energy from Microwaves.

Chapter twenty four the design of Interactive meta materials Hawkes and Katko’s device was designed to harvest the energy from microwaves.
They claim their five-cell meta material can convert these waves into 7.3 volts with an efficiency of 36.8 per cent. The device uses so-called meta materials that can capture energy waves and convert them into an electric current. The amount of voltage the device creates is also said to be more powerful than that produced through current USB chargers. Students from Duke University have created a device, pictured, that converts microwaves into an electric current. Having successfully tested their energy harvester, the researchers claim it could be modified, and one day, fitted to phones to charge batteries using Wi-Fi signals. Meta materials are engineering structures capable of harvesting various forms of wave energy. By arranging certain materials, including copper and fibreglass but also gold, in a particular shape and pattern, the properties of those materials can combine to become an almost ‘super’ material. Duke University's David Smith explained: ‘Imagine a fabric woven of thread. In this fabric, light is only allowed to flow over the threads. Forget wireless or portable phone chargers, a pair of engineering students have created a device that could charge a phone’s battery using Wi-Fi.

‘If you punch a hole in the fabric with a pin, light will go around the hole and resume its original course of travel, since light can only travel over the thread. ‘ He continued that because light waves can only travel in this way, the hole is practically ‘invisible’. Meta material arrays work in the same way to control how waves move around the structure, making it possible to capture and harvest them, and their energy.
It was created by Allen Hawkes and Alexander Katko from the help from professor of electrical and computer engineering, Steven Cummer. The team used five fibreglass and copper energy conductors wired together on a circuit board to create what's called a meta material array. The team used five fibreglass and copper energy conductors wired together on a circuit board, pictured, to create a meta material array. By arranging certain materials, including copper and fibreglass but also gold, in a particular shape and pattern, this array can control how waves behave Meta materials are engineering structures capable of harvesting various forms of wave energy.By arranging certain materials, including copper and fibreglass but also gold, in a particular shape and pattern, the properties of those materials can combine to become an almost ‘super conductive’ material. The end of the charger as Wi-Fi powered phones could one day make plug-in powering obsolete. Engineering students have created a device that captures wave signals. The energy from these waves are then converted to an electric current. Students claim the voltage produced is higher than in USB chargers. The invention could one day be used to charge phones using Wi-Fi signals.

Duke University's David Smith said ‘Imagine a fabric woven of thread. In this fabric, light is only allowed to flow over the threads.‘If you punch a hole in the fabric with a pin, light will go around the hole and resume its original course of travel, since light can only travel over the thread.
‘He continued that because light waves can only travel in this way, the hole is practically ‘invisible’. Meta material arrays work in the same way to control how waves move around the structure, making it possible to capture and harvest them, and their energy. By comparison, USB chargers for phones and other small devices provide around 5 volts.The five-cell meta material converts waves into 7.3 volts of electricity. By comparison, USB chargers, pictured, provide around 5 volts Having successfully tested their energy harvester with microwaves, the researchers claim it could be used to harvest the signal from other sources such as satellite signals, sound waves or Wi-Fi signals.‘It’s possible to use this design for a lot of different frequencies and types of energy, including vibration and sound energy harvesting’ said Katko. Until now, a lot of work with meta materials has been theoretical. We are showing that with a little work, these materials can be useful for consumer applications. ’Katko continued that a meta material coating could also be applied to the ceiling of a room and used to redirect lost or dropped Wi-Fi signals. The researchers added that a similar device could one day be fitted to phones and other small electronic devices. This could make it possible to charge phones by connecting it to a Wi-Fi network, without the need for a charger or power point. Space cruising work demonstrates a simple and inexpensive approach to electromagnetic power harvesting,’ said Cummer. ‘The beauty of the design is that the basic building blocks are self-contained and additive. One can simply assemble more blocks to increase the scavenged power.’

Mapping Mars In Detail.

Part twenty three as India's launch of a small unmanned budget satellite to Mars is being described as a giant leap for its space programme achieved on a very small budget. Puts them the fourth nation that reached red planet 2013 achievement. Science writer Pallava Bagla writes on what the mission means for India and the world. If all goes well and the satellite orbits the Red Planet, India's space agency will become the fourth in the world after those of the United States, Russia and Europe to undertake a successful Mars mission.
 India's 1,350kg (2,976lb) robotic satellite which is undertaking the 10-month-long, over 200-million-kilometre journey to Mars is equipped with five instruments other developments in mining like on martian moon to build. They include a sensor to track methane or marsh gas - a possible sign of life - on Mars, a colour camera for taking pictures, and a thermal imaging spectrometer to map the surface and mineral wealth of the planet.
The mission will also analyse the thin Martian atmosphere. 'Natural progression' After India's successful unmanned Chandrayaan mission to the Moon in 2008 that brought back the first clinching evidence of the presence of water there, the Mars mission, according to K Radhakrishnan, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro), is a 'natural progression'. As mars is named after the Roman god of war Martian year. 687 Earth days Max distance from Earth, 378 million km Temperature low: -100C Temperature high: 0C Mars has two moons.India  probably be the first nation find caves at a subterranean level.

More than 500 scientists from the Bangalore-based Isro worked round the clock on this '$73m (£45m)' mission, which was announced by PM Manmohan Singh in August last year. Project chief Subbiah Arunan says he has not taken a vacation in the last 15 months, sleeping at Isro's satellite centre in Bangalore and going home for "about one or two hours every day’. So does India's Mars mission mark the beginning of a new Asian space race? India sees the Mars mission as an opportunity to beat its regional rival China in reaching the planet, especially after a duel mission for Russia taking china into a mars.
As orbit failed as the misplaced a stage sequence as assumed project fell back to earth scattering a large amount of in November 2011 as it was a very important project for science there was no back up mission. Japan also failed in a similar effort in 1998. So a disappointed China has beaten by India small budget by this space endeavours.
It gives Indian technologies an unknown result in almost every aspect so far. It has rockets that can lift four times more weight than India's, and in 2003, successfully launched its first human space flight which India has not yet embarked on. China launched its maiden mission to the Moon in 2007, ahead of India. So if India's mission succeeds, it will have something to feel proud about.

As this photo shows a floating launch system As they said to space cruising India"National pride is important. If the Mars mission succeeds, it will be a big morale booster for India. We are not in a space race," says SK Shivakumar, director of Isro's Bangalore-based satellite centre. As the risk can be high in a space race. Since 1960 about 40 missions to Mars have been launched, more than half of which have failed. And no nation - apart from mars express, Europe's maiden venture to Mars representing 20 countries - has succeeded in its maiden venture.
Lyman Alpha Photomoter (LAP): measures amount of hydrogen and deuterium which will help scientists understand the loss of water from Mars. Mars Exosphere Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA): Studies the neutral composition of the upper atmosphere. As this Mars mission contains a high image colour camera: Takes images of the surface of Mars and its satellites Phobos and Deimos. Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer: Measures thermal emissions and helps map surface composition and minerals.
Though India says its Mars mission is the cheapest inter-planetary mission ever to have been undertaken in half a century of space exploration, some are questioning its scientific purpose. This is a highly suboptimal mission with limited scientific objectives," says D Raghunandan of Delhi Science Forum, a think tank. Others like economist-activist Jean Dreze have said the mission "seems to be part of the Indian elite's delusional quest for superpower status". Rejecting such talk, a top government official says. "We have heard these arguments since the 1960s, about India being a poor country not needing or affording a space programme. If we can't dare to dream big it would leave us as hewers of wood and drawers of water India is today too big to be just living on the fringes of high technology. In this image it easy to think of mars as a once near earth substitute and as technologies progress possibility for to pioneer Vatican Type City.

Dark matter uncovered.

Chapter twenty two fermilab's newest instrument, the Dark Energy Camera, offers a unique glimpse at the cosmos. In each snapshot it takes, more than 1,000 galaxies up to 8 billion light years away are revealed, the Aurora Beacon-News reports The Dark Energy Survey, a project that seeks to understand some of the most fundamental questions of the universe by pointing one of the world's most powerful cameras skyward, has officially launched. how dark matter interactions and distorts and fluxes.

The 570-megapixel camera, made of five precisely shaped lenses, the largest up to a yard across, was built at Fermilab and mounted above a telescope at the National Science Foundation's Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in the Andes Mountains in Chile.Physicists and astronomers from around the globe have begun using this machine to systematically capture images and map out huge swathes of the night sky. As the surveys goal is to find out why the expansion of the universe is speeding up, instead of slowing down due to gravity, and to probe the mystery of dark energy, the force believed to be causing the acceleration exact location fields of distortion.

Mpemba Effect.

Chapter twenty one a team of scientists finally think they have solved the mystery and think the secret lies in the unique properties of the bonds that hold water atom together. 
Hydrogen bonds bring individual water molecules into close contact, which triggers natural repulsion between the water molecules and causes the bonds between oxygen and hydrogen atoms to stretch as well as store energy. So as the liquid warms, it makes the water molecules sit further apart from each other as the hydrogen bonds stretch. When the molecules shrink again and give up their energy, this  results in it cooling, which the scientists say means that warm water cools faster than cold water and explains the Mpemba effect.
To prove their theory, the chemists calculated the size of the extra cooling caused by the molecular activity and showed that it accounts for the observed differences between the freezing of hot and cold water in experiments. However, some physicists have noted that the explanation cannot currently be used to predict new properties of water that could be created by shortening covalent bonds, for example so there is one step to go before the mystery is satisfactorily solved it also means heat exchangers can be controlled more efficiently as with turbines and a range of applications so of which used in space mining as etching frying water off the optimum point as this fluctuation range calculated as cooling efficiency. 'cool energy calculator'. space cruising would have it, could be a first redesign of smart asteroids maintenance probes. 

This graph shows how the Mpemba effect - how hot water freezes faster than cold. It shows how rapidly boiling water cools compared to the water that starts off at a lower temperature. The Mpemba effect - why hot water freezes more quickly than cold water - is named after a Tanzanian student who took cookery classes in the 1960s and found a hot ice cream mixture froze faster than a cold one.But the strange behaviour of freezing water has been noted by great thinkers throughout history, including Aristotle and Descartes. 
Scientists have tried to explain the Mpemba effect before and theories included the idea that warm containers made better thermal contact with freezes to conduct heat faster and that as warm water evaporates more swiftly, it cools the water, which allows it to freeze faster. But a study led by Xi Zhang at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, said the reason for the Mpemba effect is down to the unique properties of the molecular bonds that hold water together, 'Physics Blog Reported'. 
A single water molecule is made from a large oxygen atom joined to two hydrogen atoms with covalent bonds (a chemical bond that involves the sharing of two electron pairs between atoms).But when a hydrogen atom in one molecule drifts close to an oxygen atom in another water molecule, it bonds with it, creating what is called a hydrogen bond. It is these hydrogen bonds that behave in a peculiar way and have attracted the attention of the researchers.
Research study led by Xi Zhang at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, said the reason for the Mpemba effect - why hot water freezes more quickly than cold - is down to the unique properties of the bonds that hold water molecules together. The strange behaviour of hot water freezing more quickly has been noted by great thinkers throughout history, including Aristotle (pictured) and Descartes Strangely, while hydrogen bonds are generally weaker than covalent bonds, they are stronger than the 'van der Waals' force' that is the sum of the attractive forces between molecules other than those due to covalent bonds.

Chemists have long suspected the hydrogen bonds were what gives water some strange properties and enables its boiling point to be much higher than other liquids composed of similar molecules - this was because the hydrogen bonds hold it together so well. Research into the exact roles the hydrogen bonds play have been investigated by scientists who have recently found water molecules restricted into tiny tubes form chains and are linked together by hydrogen bonds.
It is these tiny chains that enable a plant to pull water molecules up through its roots.But now Dr Zhang's team believe these bonds explain the Mpemba effect, as the hydrogen bonds bring individual water molecules into close contact, which triggers natural repulsion between the molecules and causes the covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen bonds to stretch as well as store energy.So as the liquid warms, it makes the water molecules sit further apart from each other as the hydrogen bonds stretch.